Sea ice concentration maps April 13th. Likewise, in the beginning of September both the northern and southern land areas receive their winter snow cover, which combined with the reduced solar radiation at the surface, ensures an end to the warm days those areas may experience in summer. This begins a feedback, as melting snow reflects less solar radiation (50% to 60%) than dry snow, allowing more energy to be absorbed and the melting to take place faster. Winter temperatures average below freezing over all of the Arctic except for small regions in the southern Norwegian and Bering Seas, which remain ice free throughout the winter. Phenomena such as El Niño or La Niña, which warm or cool the tropical Pacific Ocean, can contribute to short-term variations in global average temperature. By the end of the 21st century, the annual average temperature in the Arctic is predicted to increase by 2.8 to 7.8 °C (5.0 to 14.0 °F), with more warming in winter (4.3 to 11.4 °C (7.7 to 20.5 °F)) than in summer.The map shows the 10-year average (2000–2009) global mean temperature anomaly relative to the 1951–1980 mean. For news, data and comments go to the Arctic Sea Ice Blog; For discussions go to the Arctic Sea Ice Forum; Images showing 7-day forecasts, 5-day weather outlook maps can be found here; Retrieved from Climate Reanalyzer, developed by the Climate Change Institute at the University of Maine to provide an intuitive platform for visualizing a variety of weather and climate datasets and models For news, data and comments go to the Arctic Sea Ice Blog; For discussions go to the Arctic Sea Ice Forum; Images showing 7-day forecasts, 5-day weather outlook maps can be found here; Retrieved from Climate Reanalyzer, developed by the Climate Change Institute at the University of Maine to provide an intuitive platform for visualizing a variety of weather and climate datasets and models The southern third of Greenland protrudes into the North-Atlantic storm track, a region frequently influenced by cyclones.

Variations in cloud cover can cause significant variations in the amount of solar radiation reaching the surface at locations with the same latitude. In the figure above showing station climatologies, the lower-left plot, for NP 7–8, is representative of conditions over the Arctic Basin. Calm, clear weather with sunshine and temperatures of about 50 °F (10 °C) will be followed by sudden winds, often causing a temperature drop of 20 to 30 °F (11 to 17 °C) and accompanied by cloud and fog.Frost-free and growing periods are relatively short throughout the Arctic. Get kids back-to-school ready with Expedition: Learn! Despite its location centered on the North Pole, and the long period of darkness this brings, this is not the coldest part of the Arctic. Much of the winter variability in this region is due to clouds.

It is declining at a rate of 13.3 per cent every decade, according to The fossil fuel industry is supported by billions of pounds of public money.

The winter ice cover allows temperatures to drop much lower in these regions than in the regions that are ice-free all year. Anger over Scottish exam grades likely to be repeated across the UKFactCheck: a Lord’s daily expenses could be higher than a month of Universal Credit Why hasn’t the arrested Conservative MP been named?Are we heading for a “second wave” of Covid-19 infections? A warming El Niño was in effect for most of 2015. These maps were made with data from the The coldest location in the Northern Hemisphere is not in the Arctic, but rather in the interior of Russia's Far East, in the upper-right quadrant of the maps. Neutral years are shown in gray, and the dashed black line shows the overall temperature trend since 1950. “Today’s announcement not only underscores how critical NASA’s Earth observation program is, it is a key data point that should make policy makers stand up and take notice - now is the time to act on climate.” Most of the warming occurred in the past 35 years, with 15 of the 16 warmest years on record occurring since 2001. Neutral years are shown in gray, and the dashed black line shows the overall temperature trend since 1950. The straits between these islands often remain covered by sea ice throughout the summer. Antarctica Climate Data and Climate Graphs McMurdo, Amundsen-Scott (South Pole) and Vostok Stations Temperature and rainfall information for stations in Antarctica.
Today's climate models have yet to incorporate the steep rise in temperatures that have occurred over the past 40 years. Corrections are made to data to account for this uncaught precipitation, but they are not perfect and introduce some error into the climatologies (Serreze and Barry 2005). About 55 million years ago it is thought that parts of the Arctic supported subtropical ecosystemsThere are several reasons to expect that climate changes, from whatever cause, may be enhanced in the Arctic, relative to the mid-latitudes and tropics. These regions receive many weakening cyclones from the North-Atlantic Annual precipitation totals in the Canadian Archipelago increase dramatically from north to south. September Arctic sea ice is now declining at a rate of 12.85 percent per decade, relative to the 1981 to 2010 average. View additional years by clicking the dates in the legend.

This graph shows the average monthly Arctic sea ice extent each September since 1979, derived from satellite observations.

In winter, the heat transferred from the −2 °C (28 °F) water through cracks in the ice and areas of open water helps to moderate the climate some, keeping average winter temperatures around −30 to −35 °C (−22 to −31 °F).

In the south the temperatures are about 45 °F (7 °C), decreasing north to 40 °F (4 °C) or less; a maximum of 60 °F (16 °C) is hardly ever reached except at the heads of fjords as in southwestern Greenland, where marine influences are less marked.


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